The Arctic Ocean is undergoing drastic changes, and scientists are raising alarms about the process of atlantification, which is driving the loss of sea ice and altering the region’s climate.

The Arctic Ocean (Figure 1), the smallest of the world's five major oceans, is about 4000km (2500 miles) long and 2400km (1500 miles) wide, about the size of the continental USA. It lies entirely ...

Southern Ocean warming may have a greater impact than Arctic warming in some regions, particularly affecting tropical rainfall patterns, according to a study published in Nature Communications.