Axial MRI of the Lumbar Spine - T2 weighted image at the L4 level. On this view centered over the L4-L5 disk, one can see well the cauda equina surrounded by CSF (note that CSF is bright on ...

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal disease that predominantly affects the ...

The adult axial skeleton consists of 80 bones. It’s made up of the bones that form the vertical axis of the body, such as the bones of the head, neck, chest, and spine. The hyoid is a U-shaped ...

The normal range of axial rotation is 90 degrees, and the normal range of lateral bending is 45 degrees of tilt toward each shoulder. In patients whose spine may be unstable — for example ...