To think about bending a sheet of metal that has appreciable thickness, focus on an imaginary central sheet, the so-called neutral line or neutral axis, within the thickness. This neutral line ...

For tube bending, the weld seam must be oriented to the neutral, or zero, axis (top or bottom relative to bend plane) so that it is not exposed to stretching or contracting.

The –factor often offsets the neutral line to produce a flat pattern. K-factor determines the bending/folding allowance which is essentially the curved neutral axis length. Table 4 illustrates the ...

Use your results from the bending moment diagram to determine the location along the length of the beam for the maximum bending moment. ... In order to determine the neutral-axis shear stress, you ...

Once the neutral plane has been located, factoring up any of the three sensor strains estimates the average bending strain occurring along the axis of maximum bending strain (tension or compression).