The gradient created by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As this happens, the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP. Mitochondria are ...

which certainly lacked such sophisticated protein machinery as the ATP synthase. There are a few possible abiotic mechanisms, presently under scrutiny in Russell's lab and elsewhere. But ...

The two best and most informative of these structures, the chloroplast ATP synthase and a mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer, have been shown by our department.

Found inside mitochondria, ATP synthase generates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate, which the cells of all living things use for fuel. The enzyme generally looks similar in shape ...