In 1978, MacInnes’ American pal Yvon Chouinard, who also tinkered with early ice axe designs, distilled the lessons and modern techniques they had experimented with using the new equipment into ...

Chouinard, who drives a beaten-up Subaru with ... and porcupines assassinated à la Trotsky, with an ice axe.” “We needed to be surrounded by friends who could dress whatever way they wanted ...

As inventor of the all-metal ice axe, author of the International Mountain ... businessman and environmentalist Yvon Chouinard.