had weakened the Byzantine Empire and the population within Constantinople itself dropped from 400,000 in the 12th century to between 40,000 and 50,000 by the mid 13th century. Contemporary ...

A new aqueduct was therefore built to supply Constantinople from springs 60 ... until at least the 12th century. "This means the entire aqueduct must have been maintained and cleaned of deposits ...

This icon of the Heavenly Ladder of St. John Klimakos, Constantinople or Sinai, late 12th century is from the Holy Monastery of St Catherine at Sinai, built by Justinian on an ancient site of ...

The city of Constantinople was established by Constantine ... Cannons fueled by gunpowder had been invented in China in the 12th century, and brought to the West by the Mongols.

The Roman law that counted in the 12th-century renaissance was Justinian ... Codex constitutionum and Digesta with great fanfare, in Constantinople. But by then the empire was failing, and the ...