The phase and the group velocity of light propagating in conventional optical media cannot exceed the speed of light in ...

A novel method transforms common liquids into epsilon-near-zero materials using femtosecond laser pulses, enabling unique ...

We say that iron has a high binding energy per nucleon. Elements with lower and higher mass numbers per nucleon are less stable. The total mass of a nucleus is less than the total mass of the ...

AES utilizes an electron beam to initiate the Auger effect ... offering quantitative analysis and the ability to identify chemical states through binding energy shifts. While AES excels in spatial ...