Returning back to the citric acid cycle, fumarate is hydrated to form L-malate, ... The oxidation-reduction reaction that is responsible for the formation of oxaloacetate also reduces NAD + to NADH.

image: Malate dehydrogenase (ME) combines pyruvate and carbon dioxide (CO2) into L-malate, which can be converted into fumarate by fumarase ... Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. DOI. 10.1039 ...

Researchers have successfully synthesized fumarate (fumaric acid), a raw material for unsaturated polyester resin, by combining carbon dioxide (CO2) with pyruvate (derived from biomass), using two ...

Malate dehydrogenase (ME) combines pyruvate and carbon dioxide (CO2) into L-malate, which can be converted into fumarate by fumarase (FUM). The fumarate can be used as a feedstock for ...

Fumarate is likely to be an additional indicator of malate enrichment, given that it is not directly associated with a dehydrogenase and can be generated from malate via cytosolic fumarase.