People made things in their kitchen, maybe like Helena Rubinstein’s mother ... luxury brands in the global beauty industry came from France. By the middle of the 19th century, some of the ...

In the early 20th century, Helena Rubinstein defied gender ... the only luxury brands in the global beauty industry came from France. By the middle of the 19th century, some of the perfume ...

Further factories making her products opened in Britain, France, Germany and other countries. From then on, her products bore her own name, Helena Rubinstein, and continue to do so to this day.

Rubinstein is known by various names. To her Jewish family, she is Chaja from Kraków’s Jewish district of Kazimierz. On board a ship to Australia, she registers herself as Helena. Her first husband ...