The Thwaites ice shelf in Antartica as surveyed in October 2013 by Operation IceBridge. Image credit: James Yungel/NASA. During each ice age, massive glaciers crawl across the land.

The land underneath the East Antarctic ice sheet is less well-known than the surface of Mars,” said Durham University Professor Stewart Jamieson, summing up the deep mystery that has only just started ...

Comprehensive climate and ice-sheet models show that insolation and internal feedbacks between the climate, the ice sheets and the lithosphere–asthenosphere system explain the 100,000-year ...

The three-kilometre-thick ice sheet covering Mars's north pole is young, formed between 2 and 12 million years ago. The ice sheet is bending the rocky crust beneath at a rate of 0.13 millimetres per ...

In particular, glacial isostatic adjustment is an important factor, as when ice sheets melt and reduce the weight on the underlying bedrock, the land begins to rise over centuries to millennia.