The first law of refraction states that the incident rays, refracted rays, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle ...

Scientists have created a new class of laser beam that appears to violate long-held laws of ... rules of refraction, which could lead to new communication technologies. Light travels at different ...

Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction. Science , 1 September 2011 DOI: 10.1126/science.1210713 Cite This Page : ...