"This suggests a particular importance of melanins for this lichen species, which grows in light forests and is an indicator of a healthy, diverse and natural tree population. In such an ...

Lichen grow in exposed places such as rocks and can be used as an indicator species for air pollution. are commonly used to determine air pollution as many species will only grow in areas which ...

Presence of these species indicates there is a high level of water pollution. Water louse and red-tailed maggot are indicator species. They are able to live in water that is moderately to highly ...