Mud volcanoes often exhibit calderas, which are large circular depressions at their summit. Detailed mapping around the Caspian Sea suggests that caldera-forming mud volcanoes are dynamically ...

The Kumani Bank mud volcano, also known as Chigil-Deniz, a feature located roughly 15 miles off the eastern coast of Azerbaijan, erupted in early 2023, resulting in the phenomenon. Mud volcanoes ...

Mud volcanoes—relatively unheard of in North America, but prominent in volcanic regions around the globe—have quietly changed Earth’s landscape throughout our planet’s history. Eagle-eyed ...

A mud volcano has erupted in Azerbaijan, sending plumes of black smoke and flames up to 300m (980ft) into the sky. Government officials say cracks up to 40m deep have appeared in the area after ...