When a liquid metal cools and turns into a solid, its atoms come together to form crystals. The structure of these crystals is not perfect. Sometimes an extra layer of atoms squeezes between other ...

Microstructural analysis of this forged iron structure revealed an extraordinary convergence of properties that resulted in the metal’s resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, the hammering did ...

This is a schematic diagram of a metal-organic framework (SURMOF, left), the framework after cross-linking (center), and after copper ions have dissolved out (right).

Their crystalline structure allows them to be 'worked' to make them stronger. Mark Miodownik describes the advantages that metal had over earlier substances used by humans such as rock and bone ...