The mutualism between ant plants and their ant inhabitants ... which defend the tree from everything—including large herbivores like giraffes. Other remarkable examples include the Myrmecodia ...

Thus ended the pastoral era of mutualism. And that's what could well happen in East Africa's savannah, Palmer said. The elephants, giraffes and other large browsers are rapidly vanishing because ...

Giraffes around the ant-plant ... The results, seemingly counterintuitive, result from a mutualistic relationship between acacia trees and ants. The acacias provide food (in the form of nectaries ...

So they fenced off some of the acacias, so elephants, giraffes and other animals ... "Although this mutualism between ants and plants has likely evolved over very long time-scales, it falls ...

Their findings, reported in the new issue of the journal Science, add to the mounting evidence that relationships between plant and ... in an arrangement called mutualism. The ants nest in the ...

This new research suggests that the stable mutualism between tropical figs and pollinator wasps, which is about 100 million years old, may be maintained partly by parasitic wasps. This is contrary ...