Since newborn infants cannot express their pain with words, staff need to assess their pain by looking at their behaviours and vital signs instead. Many different rating scales can be used for this, ...

A Cochrane review reveals significant gaps in the clinical rating scales used to assess pain in newborn babies, highlighting the urgent need for improved tools and global collaboration. The review is ...

Neonatal and infant pain management is largely based on clinical ... The standard self-report scales that are used in adolescents and adults are not an option in infants, as infants cannot report ...

Despite their widespread use in neonatal care units around the world, current pain assessment scales for newborns are based ...

The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), a valid and reliable tool, was specifically designed for monitoring procedural pain. It is user-friendly and does not require cardiorespiratory equipment ...

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Purpose: To examine the issue of pain assessment in infants by acquiring all available published pain assessment tools and evaluating their reported reliability, validity, clinical utility, and ...