The layers, and what they represent, are as follows: Layer 7: Application. The Application Layer in the OSI model is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”.

When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model. If you’re able to get local communications to work but the ...

In addition to the high data rates that Ethernet technology can support, Ethernet adheres to the universally-recognized OSI communication model. Ethernet is a stable, long-established and ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works ...

What does OSI model actually mean? Find out inside PCMag's comprehensive tech and computer-related encyclopedia.

First, the OSI model is just that, a model. Its use is not mandated for networking, yet most protocols and systems adhere to it quite closely. It is mainly useful for discussing, describing, and ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

As a protocol auto-negotiation exists strictly at the PHY (physical) layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference Model) and is implemented by software, hardware, or a mixture of both.