The Ottoman Empire, which at the time this map was drawn included much of the Balkans and the Middle East, used a version of the Turkish language written in a slightly modified Arabic script.

A map of the Ottoman Empire in 1683, and Turkey today. Peter Hermes Furian/Shutterstock 4. What was its relationship with the Arab world? The Ottoman empire extended its reach across parts of what ...

To put things in perspective, the exhibition displays a color-coded map of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, from ...

Drought’s effects on the population slowed the Ottoman Empire’s expansion in the 16th century. Lessing Archives. Copy link. Email. X (Twitter) Bluesky. Facebook. LinkedIn. WhatsApp.

The Last Days of the Ottoman empire: 1918-1922. By Ryan Gingeras. Allen Lane; 368 pages; $47.95 and £30. A s it turned out, more than six centuries of Ottoman rule ended with a whimper rather ...