All these people were now Ottoman subjects, for better or worse. Suleiman's tughra could be seen as far as the Persian border, where their great rival in the east, the Shia Safavid Empire ...

As the successor to the Ottoman Empire, “Turkey is the country that ... According to Boz, though, it has “no signature, no stamp, no tughra (official seal of the sultan).

All these people were now Ottoman subjects, for better or worse. Suleiman's tughra could be seen as far as the Persian border, where their great rival in the east, the Shia Safavid Empire ...