Q: What are the pain referral patterns in patients with renal cell carcinoma? —Carlton J. Lewis, DO, Lufkin, Tex. A: Patients with renal cell carcinoma are generally asymptomatic until their ...

We conducted a study in which we aimed to establish patient-specific recommendations for referral and selection of SCS in chronic pain. Methods: A multidisciplinary European panel used the RAND / UCLA ...

This confuses the brain. One of the most common pain referral patterns occurs during a heart attack. Nerves from the heart convey pain signals to the spinal cord, between the vertebrae at the ...