And when you begin a sentence with a participle, that phrase has to modify the subject of the sentence. For instance, Looking up, I noticed I was late. with dangling participles. And in each case ...

The idea that an introductory phrase must always apply to the subject of the clause that ... than murder in the second degree. A dangling participle is not a sin against grammar so much as a ...

When the subject of the sentence is the same as the EXPERIENCER of the emotion, as in the next example, the sentence is in the "passive voice" (the verb were thrilled is passive). The children were ...

Present participle (verb-ing) clauses can be used without a subject pronoun and an auxiliary when the subject of the sentence does two things at the same time or when one action interrupts another.

The dangling participle can bring you hours of amusement once you understand it. The road sign starts out with one thing as the subject: the flashing light. It finishes with another subject.

When the verb is in a non-finite form, such as an infinitive (to do) or a participle (doing), its subject is implied to be the subject of the clause, or sometimes the closest noun phrase.