Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine with actions on a broad range of lymphoid, myeloid and epithelial cells. These actions include effects on proliferation, survival, differentiation ...

Cytokine storm, a life-threatening disorder involving cytokine elevations and immune-cell hyperactivation, has various causes and is characterized by constitutional symptoms, systemic inflammation, ...

The Divine Cytokine Tools for Cytokine Research Companies producing cytokines Courtesy of Alexis CorpCytokine Network Many proteins and peptides affect the growth, identity, and function of eukaryotic ...

Interleukin-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine associated with allergic inflammation 1 and is a therapeutic target in patients with asthma. Its expression and that of the interleukin-9 receptor are ...

Discover how cytokines are influencing stem cell and organoid research, paving the way for breakthroughs in drug discovery.

A pleiotropic cytokine central to the regulation of T-cell responses, interleukin 2 (IL-2), plays an essential role in a huge range of other immune modulatory actions.

Molecular Biology S. Akira, T. Hirano, T. Taga, T. Kishimoto, "Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF)," FASEB Journal, 4:2860-67, 1990. Shizuo Akira (Institute ...

Developing cytokines as therapeutics, however, is made challenging by the fact that cytokines are pleiotropic, meaning they can induce a range of responses across different cell types.

Cytokines are pleiotropic, having biological functions on many immune cells, stimulating and suppressing the immune system in different contexts.

Tweet this Most cytokines are pleiotropic and drive a range of signaling responses across multiple cell types, which limits their potential as therapeutics.

A team of researchers from the San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET, Milan), led by Nadia Coltella and ...