Quotation marks are not needed for paraphrasing. Example: The dog he brings on the trip is eleven and "too old and arthritic to be allowed in December water" (Hall 372), but the fisherman selfishly ...

When a quote with citation ends a sentence, the period should go after the citation because the citation belongs to that sentence. Example: In “Synthetic Biology–Putting Engineering into Biology,” ...

With dialogue, specific punctuation is needed. Most often, commas and periods go within the quotation marks, but there are some forms of punctuation and examples that go outside of the quotation marks ...