allied with the Islamic empire of the Ottoman Turks, and actively defy one of Christian Europe’s most powerful monarchs, the Spanish emperor Charles V. However, Barbarossa had modest beginnings.

During his reign, he continued the Spanish colonization ... earning the label "the empire on which the sun never sets." As his health deteriorated, Charles V abdicated as emperor in favor of ...

Charles V, the King of Spain between 1516 and 1556, also ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 to 1556 ... and he also oversaw the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In 1547, Charles V wrote ...

Spain’s moneymaking interest in the former Inca Empire would be revived ... tribute (quinto real) for the Spanish king and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The remaining 80 percent was distributed ...

This assertion, made by Felipe Fernández-Armesto and Manuel Lucena Giraldo in “How the Spanish Empire Was Built: A 400-Year History,” seems bold at first, almost audacious. Yet within the ...