but when the emotion first hit, the face signals are very similar, suggesting, the researchers say, that the distinction between anger and disgust and between surprise and fear, is socially ...

In the 20th century, Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and Robert Plutchik eight, which he had in oppositional pairs (joy-sadness ...

"While examining differences between Easterners and Westerners, emotional reactions to unexpected incentives and when given an unexpected gift, East Asians reported less surprise and less pleasure ...