A joint sprain is the overstretching or tearing of ligaments. Ligaments are the bands of tissue that connect two bones together in a joint. The most common location for a sprain is the ankle joint.

Reasons for ankle pain range from ankle sprain to kidney failure. Ankle bones bear the weight of the body and ankle pain while running can be a sign of injury to any part of ankle joint.

Ankle reconstruction surgery aims to restore stability, range of motion, and function to the ankle joint. It is typically beneficial for people with chronic ankle instability, arthritis, or ...

Background Recurrent ankle injuries are a leading cause of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis (PTAOA). Reduced proteoglycan density (PGD) measured using T1ρ MRI is an early indicator of PTOA. US has ...