At VHF, UHF, and microwave frequencies ... the antenna gain is expressed with relationship to a dipole reference in dBd. A ground plane antenna is essentially one half of a dipole mounted vertically.

VHF field strength measurements were commonplace at the ... 5: The modular design of the ground plane antenna is visible in this photo, taken after assembly at Kintronic Labs. A set of standard roof ...

Here, we realize the first practical implementation of a fully 3D broadband and low-loss ground ... plane. We also designed and realized, using non-resonant metamaterials, a high-gain lens antenna ...