Most elements are either paramagnetic or diamagnetic. "With paramagnets, when you apply a magnetic field, you get a very small magnetization in the direction of the field," he said.

THE paramagnetic magneton numbers of the ferromagnetic elements are derived from the linear portion of the 1/χ,T curves above the Curie point. Of the three ferromagnetics cobalt, iron and nickel ...

Local thermal perturbations of spins in a solid can convert heat to energy even in a paramagnetic material -- where spins weren't thought to correlate long enough to do so. This effect, which the ...