Pollen of flowering plants can be dispersed by animals, wind or even by water ... estimates of the proportion of biotic pollination across all angiosperms. The team found that 64-68% families ...

That is, it is more closely allied with pines, spruces and firs than angiosperms such as daisies or aspens ... Although all the Ephedra species in North America are wind pollinated, two of the species ...

And while the researchers observed that wind pollination had evolved 42 times ... on Earth for millions of years before flowering flora (angiosperms) came along. Now, around 90% of plants are ...

while gymnosperms usually rely upon the wind for pollination. Angiosperms evolved a high diversity of fruit types, permitting effective seed dispersal. "With these innovations, angiosperms have ...

Around 90% of modern plants – some 300,000-400,000 species – are flowering plants, or what scientists call angiosperms ... animals, wind or even water. Which kind of pollination evolved ...

No bees are required to make this match. So, why would wind-pollinated plants invest energy into producing flower parts with a costly red pigment? "Many wind-pollinated trees have red stigmas ...

Genetic mechanisms and adaptive benefits of anthocyanin-red stigmas in a wind-pollinated tree. Molecular Biology and Evolution , 2025; DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaf040 Cite This Page : ...