After succeeding to the throne of Persia in 486 B.C.E., Xerxes continued to make extensive preparations for the invasion of mainland Greece. Then, in the summer of 480 B.C.E., he made his move ...

Xerxes (top left) watches over the Battle of Salamis. ... He is remembered in western scholarship for his defeat by combined Greek forces during his invasion of Greece in 480 and 479 BCE.

Antony brought 23 legions (paper strength 117,760) and Octavian 24 legions (122,880) to Greece, along with auxiliaries that should have at least doubled each of those numbers.

In Western history, Xerxes is best known for his invasion of Greece in 480 BC. Son of Darius the Great, he consolidated his power by crushing revolts in Egypt and Babylon, and renewed his father's ...