Through the accumulated investigations, ATP synthase is now being pictured as acting like two motors connected by a common rotary shaft. The energy source is food which supplies hydrogen while ...

Again, the structure betrays the mechanism — in this case not a rotary motor but, even more surprisingly ... protein machinery as the ATP synthase. There are a few possible abiotic mechanisms ...

The gradient created by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As this happens, the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP. Mitochondria are ...