Vaginal contamination can produce false positives. In one study comparing urine dipstick to microscopy performed by a nephrologist in the detection of white blood cells (WBCs) in urine ...

Electron microscopy uses a beam of electrons to illuminate a sample and achieve much higher spatial resolution than light microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy generates an image of the ...

Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that stick to non-biological surfaces, such as rocks in a stream, as well as to surfaces on plants (roots) or in animals (epithelium). These clusters are ...

Urine is usually clear and light yellow in color, but cloudy urine may be hazy or milky looking. Dehydration, an infection, and certain health conditions can all cause cloudy urine (pee). It may also ...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of hyperglycemic injury. In ...

For hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, half of the brains of mice were fixed in 10% formalin and 5 μm sections were stained and examined by microscope. Selected slides were scored into five degrees ...

Polyuria occurs when your body produces too much urine, which is typically considered more than 3 liters of urine a day for adults. It refers specifically to the amount of urine excreted daily, not ...

The main objective is to provide an overview of different types of materials and illustrate how their properties depend on the microscopic structure. The course will deliver basic knowledge, but it ...