For some, the idea of an all-electric future full of Mustang ... Model S swap—including the battery pack— using a custom frame that holds the motor and pack under the chassis.

Many EV battery modules have “satellite” boards that use galvanic isolation to communicate with a “Master BMS” board in the pack, creating a rat’s nest of sensor or satellite board wiring.

Lithium technology has ushered in a new era of batteries with exceptionally high energy density for a reasonably low cost.