Background Whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is debated. Objectives To establish, ...

Corticosteroids such as prednisone, which are often used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, mimic the effects of cortisol. Given cortisol's ...

5 The study was approved by each center’s institutional review board. The dose of corticosteroids was converted to methylprednisolone equivalents. Patients were categorized into low-dose (<60 mg/d), ...