With Kamala Harris’s concession, America stands at a crossroads, deciding whether to return to the foundations of White ...

Lincoln’s assassination, and the ineffectual leadership of his successor, Andrew Johnson, enabled the Congress to control ...

The term “Reconstruction Amendments” refers to those amendments ratified shortly after the Civil War in order to reimagine and redefine citizenship and civil rights for Black Americans.

Summers, retired judge and state attorney general. The Fifteenth Amendment was the last of three Reconstruction Amendments. The first two were ratified in 1865 and 1868, respectively. The 15th ...

Thus, the Equal Protection Clause can be understood only as an organic part of the Fourteenth Amendment and in the broader context of all the Reconstruction amendments. Under current Supreme Court ...

Most of Reconstruction legislation is far ahead ... did not do it under the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment has still not been interpreted to allow Congress to bar private ...

Federal policy on slavery and race, particularly the three Reconstruction amendments, are the best-known legal innovations of the era. Change, however, permeated all levels of the legal system, ...

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude ...