Low back pain is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition worldwide and is closely tied to the progressive degeneration ...

Throughout the spine, intervertebral discs made of cushioning material both pad and connect the vertebrae. Muscles connect to the vertebrae and bones via ligaments, flexible bands of fibrous tissue.

Spinal discs work like shock absorbers in your back, absorbing the impact from your daily activity. They can wear out as you get older, which in some people causes only mild discomfort ...

The spine consists of bones called vertebrae and discs between two bones. The disc is an avascular structure – meaning it has no blood supply of its own; instead, it gets its nutrition from the ...

A bulging disc in the neck occurs when the gel-like center of a spinal disc protrudes into the spinal cord. This can cause pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, and back. Certain exercises or ...

Stretching and compressions tests using bioreactors—her lab equipment—can make a difference in understanding how cells respond to mechanical cues and how that affects disease progression, specifically ...