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Next time you use tungsten steel, marvel at the fact that the Earth’s crust has about 1.25 parts per million of the rare element. Yet the world produces more than 100,000 tonnes of it a year.

Wear Parts. A large percentage of tungsten carbide is used in wear part applications, ranging from ballpoint pen balls to industrial dies, punches, and hot rolls for steel mills.

Tungsten’s hardness at elevated temperatures, ... First discovered and isolated from its ore minerals in the 1780s, it was used chiefly in the manufacture of steel in the 19th century.

Columbia's Professor Colin Garfield Fink, who gave Industry a chromium-plated shield against rust, last week took out a patent for a tungsten-plated shield. Twenty million tons of iron and steel ...

As with tungsten, China is the leading producer, accounting for 70% of the global total, according to the USGS. As of September 2024, a quarter of U.S. indium imports came from China.