The map shows Mesopotamia surrounded by a double ring — which the ancient scribe labeled the “bitter river,” a river that created the borders around the Babylonians’ known world.

The dark green areas towards the bottom left of the map indicate some planted forest. It is possible that you might have to identify river features directly from an aerial photo or a satellite ...

The map was created when the world was being led by the Neo-Babylonian ... which cross this rectangle are said to be the Euphrates River. Other cities and kingdoms like Assyria, Der, and Urartu ...