A common feature of these signalling pathways is their ability to regulate apical–basal cell polarity and cell growth simultaneously, frequently by means of independent effector molecules.

This organization depends in part on polarity, or the orientation ... these molecules move to the appropriate side of the cell — such as the basal or apical face — where they are secreted.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a mechanism that aligns cells across animal tissues, ensuring they are pointed in the same direction. It is crucial for processes such as tissue elongation and the ...