The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process ...

During and after an exacerbation, mental recovery involves taking care of both your physical and mental health. Resting, ...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a rare, chronic disease that causes scarring in the lungs, making breathing difficult for people who suffer with it.

With the earlier definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients were essentially defined as having either chronic bronchitis or emphysema, with emphysema classified as a ...