and traditional summaries of fire’s ecology point instead to fire’s effects on plants, animals, soil, air, water, and so on. These effects operate on scales that vary from the individual ...

Large fires can impact the job market of a local community for up to three years after the event, said Raphaelle Gauvin-Coulombe.

Petrochemicals from fossil biomass replace, or try to substitute for, fire’s ecological effects. Energy from fossil fuels displaces ... U.S. land agencies recognized the ill consequences of removing ...