Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable (V) regions modulates antibody-antigen affinity is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Abstract: This paper presents a method of profiling the phase currents to minimize the torque ripple of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) operating in four-quadrant mode over the entire speed range ...