Reaction annotation revealed that unique reactions frequently involve terpenoid, polyketide, and xenobiotic metabolism, which are linked to drug metabolism and antimicrobial resistance.

In clinical pharmacology, target identification is aimed at finding the efficacy target of a drug/pharmaceutical or other xenobiotic. The techniques used may be based on principles of biochemistry ...

“Synthetic food dyes are, by definition, xenobiotic, or foreign to the body,” he says. “Things that are foreign to the body are going to stimulate an inflammatory immune response and cause d ...

1 Department of Physical and Forensic Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States 2 School of Interdisciplinary Forensics, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, United States ...

The results of most clinical trials with the thistle (Silybum marianum) extract, silymarin, are difficult to interpret because of a variety of reasons: small sample size, variability in type and ...

The flavonoid silymarin and one of its structural components, silibinin, are substances with documented hepatoprotective properties. Their mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. However ...

Ferroptosis, a new iron- and reactive oxygen species–dependent form of regulated cell death, has attracted much attention in the therapy of various types of tumors. With the development of ...

2 Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK 3 Foundation for Liver Research, Institute of Hepatology, London, UK 7 Section of Gastroenterology, Department of ...